Actualización Covid
Salud

ACTUALIZACIÓN COVID-19

Por Fernando Andrés Schifferli Salazar / 31 de diciembre de 2020

¿En qué consiste el «Plan Nacional de Vacunación» contra el Coronavirus? ¿Qué contiene la vacuna? ¿Qué efectos adversos puede tener? ¿Será tan beneficiosa como se dice?

Desde nuestra primera edición, hemos informado a la comunidad sobre los alcances de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 o COVID-19. Con sus luces altas y sus sombras, cada país o región ha tratatando de superar, en mayor o menor medida, la infección proveniente de la lejana China. Actualmente, el Ministerio de Salud de Chile (MINSAL), iniciará próximamente el «Plan Nacional de Vacunación COVID-19» (#VacunasParaChile), en el cual pondrán a disposición la vacuna para prevenir el COVID-19, recientemente autorizada por Estados Unidos, denominada Vacuna Pfizer – BioNTech COVID-19. Para ello, pondremos a su disposición algunas informaciones relevantes al respecto.

¿En qué consiste el «Plan Nacional de Vacunación COVID-19»?
Es el comienzo de la primera etapa de vacunación en Chile y que continuará durante el primer trimestre del año 2021. La vacuna será voluntaria y gratuita para todos.

¿Quiénes serían las primeras personas a las que se les aplicaría la vacuna?
Según ha señalado recientemente el ministro de salud, Dr. Enrique Paris, podrán acceder a las primeras dosis los siguientes grupos de personas: • Personal de Salud de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). • Personas desplegadas en la emergencia COVID. • Adultos mayores. • Enfermos crónicos y • Centros de Larga Estadía. Además de «otros grupos de la población objetivo, según su riesgo»
(#VacunasParaChile).

¿Cuándo comenzaría la vacunación en Chile?
El presidente de la nación, Sebastián Piñera, asegura que: «Esperamos iniciar el proceso de vacunación en Chile la próxima semana (desde el lunes 21 de diciembre) … Nuestra meta es vacunar al grueso de la población crítica, es decir, enfermos crónicos, adultos mayores, trabajadores de la salud, las personas que están más expuestas, durante el primer trimestre del próximo año».
Respecto a la vacuna, le ofrecemos el siguiente análisis:
VACUNA PFIZER – BIONTECH COVID-19
Origen: Estados Unidos de América (USA)/ Alemania. Estado: Fase 3. Autorizada pero no aprobada. Eficacia: 95%. Principio: ARN mensajero. Detalles: debe transportarse a -75° C.

¿Qué es la vacuna pfizer-biontech
COVID-19?
Es una vacuna no aprobada , sino que autorizada. La cual puede prevenir el COVID-19. La Administración de Alimentos y Drogas (FDA) de Estados Unidos de América (USA), permitió su administración en personas desde los 16 años de edad hacia arriba, bajo una Autorización de Uso de Emergencia (EUA).

¿Qué es la EUA?
La EUA está respaldada por una declaración del Secretario de Salud y Servicios Humanos (HHS) de USA, que existen circunstancias que justifican el uso de emergencia de medicamentos y productos biológicos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Significa que la vacuna no se ha sometido al mismo tipo de revisión que la mayoría de los productos aprobados o autorizados por la FDA. Esto se da en casos que no existan otras alternativas disponibles. Destacar que la decisión de la FDA se basa en que el producto puede ser eficaz para prevenir el COVID-19, durante la pandemia, y que los beneficios conocidos y potenciales del producto superan los riesgos conocidos o potenciales del producto. NOTA: La EUA estará en vigor mientras duren los argumentos que justifiquen el uso de emergencia de la vacuna, a menos que se cancele o se revoque (después de lo cual los productos ya no se podrán usar).

¿Qué se debe mencionar antes de recibir la vacuna?
Todos sus antecedentes y condiciones médicas, incluyendo si : • tiene alguna alergia • tiene fiebre • tiene un trastorno hemorrágico o está tomando un anticoagulante • está inmunodeprimido o está tomando un medicamento que afecta su sistema inmunológico • está embarazada o planea quedar embarazada • está amamantando • ha recibido otra vacuna COVID-19.

¿Quién debiese recibirla?
La FDA ha autorizado el uso de emergencia de la vacuna a personas mayores de 16 años. Además, el «Plan Nacional de Vacunación COVID-19», a través del ministro de salud, Dr. Enrique Paris, define a ciertos grupos prioritarios; los cuales ya se detallaron con anterioridad.

¿Quién no debe recibirla?
No debe recibir la vacuna en casos de que alguien haya tenido: • reacción alérgica grave, después de una dosis anterior de esta vacuna • reacción alérgica grave a cualquier ingrediente de esta vacuna.

¿Qué pasa si no desea recibirla?
Es su elección recibir o no la vacuna. Si decide no recibirla, no cambiará su atención médica estándar.

¿Cuáles son sus ingredientes?
ARNm, lípidos ((4-hidroxibutil) azanediil) bis (hexano-6,1-diil) bis (2-hexildecanoato), 2 [(polietilenglicol) -2000] – N, N-ditetradecilacetamida, 1,2-Distearoil-sn-glicero-3-fosfocolina y colesterol), cloruro de potasio, fosfato de potasio monobásico, cloruro de sodio, fosfato de sodio dibásico dihidrato y sacarosa.

¿Cómo se administrará?
Se le administrará por medio de una inyección en el músculo. La serie de vacunación será de 2 dosis administradas con 3 semanas de diferencia. Vale decir, si recibe una dosis de la vacuna debe aplicarse una segunda dosis de esta misma vacuna, 3 semanas después.

¿Cómo se distribuirá?
La distribución de las primeras dosis será exclusivamente para el personal de salud de las UCI de las regiones del Bíobío, Araucanía, Magallanes y parte de la Región Metropolitana. NOTA: Cuando reciba su primera dosis, recibirá una tarjeta de vacunación para mostrarle cuándo debe regresar para su segunda dosis de la vacuna.

¿Qué tipo de efectos secundarios puede producir?
• Dolor en el lugar de la inyección. • Cansancio. • Dolor de cabeza (cefalea). • Dolor muscular (mialgias). • Escalofríos. • Dolor en las articulaciones (artralgias). • Fiebre (Tº sobre 37,8º C. • Hinchazón o enrojecimiento en el lugar de la inyección. • Náuseas • Malestar general. • Inflamación de los ganglios linfáticos (linfadenopatía). NOTA: Existe una remota posibilidad de que la vacuna puede provocar una reacción alérgica grave o shock anafiláctico. Este ocurriría entre unos pocos minutos y una hora después de recibir la dosis de la vacuna. Los signos de una reacción alérgica grave pueden incluir: • Dificultad para respirar (disnea). • Hinchazón de la cara y la garganta (edema). • Taquicardia • Sarpullido o picazón grave en todo el cuerpo (prurito) • Mareos y debilidad.

¿Qué debo hacer cuando aparezcan efectos secundarios?
Llame al 131 (SAMU), llame o vaya al recinto de salud más cercano. Puede llamar también a los teléfonos o contactos entregados por las entidades responsables de la vacunación o a su médico de cabecera.

¿A quién informarle sobre los efectos secundarios?
Puede informar los efectos secundarios a Pfizer Inc., en el siguiente enlace QR:

¿Hay otras opciones de vacunas disponibles para prevenir el COVID-19?
La FDA puede permitir el uso de emergencia de otras vacunas. Tal es el caso de «Moderna COVID-19», que fue autorizada el día 18 de diciembre de 2020. Entregaremos detalles y análisis de dicha vacuna en nuestra próxima edición.

¿Puedo recibir esta vacuna con otras
vacunas?
No hay información sobre el uso de la vacuna Pfizer-BioNTech con otras vacunas.

¿Qué pasa si está embarazada o amamantando?
Analice las opciones con su médico.

¿Se contagiará con el COVID-19 al aplicarse la vacuna?
No. La vacuna no contiene SARS-CoV-2 y no puede enfermarse por COVID-19.

Por: Acir Emadus.
aciremadus@gmail.com.

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